In addition, measurement assists in strategic decisionmaking as a project proceeds. Of the total study population, fourteen children refused to have their bp taken and ten children would not undergo the ultrasound cimt measurement. The importance of carotid artery stiffness and increased. An innovative measurement software, intimascope media cross co. Publications home of jama and the specialty journals of. Association between carotid intimamedia thickness and. Report by the anatolian journal of cardiology anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi. To achieve this, software should be developed according to the functional and performance requirements, document development standards, and characteristics expected from professionally developed software. We have developed dicombased software that measures cimt rapidly on multiple enddiastolic image frames. The test is completely safe and painless and is done inoffice. Eva yuan greater seattle area professional profile. Rate of cimt change is also used as a surrogate endpoint for cvd in interventional studies to assess early effects of drug therapies 7, 8. Studies have shown a 96% correlation between the disease found in the common carotid and the disease found elsewhere in.
No disrobing is required, no needles are used, and there is no exposure to radiation. Lessons from the past and promises for the future for. Validation of an opensource tool for measuring carotid. In other words, a metric assumes taking some data from your application development lifecycle and using it for measuring software developer productivity. Carotid intimamedia thickness and apolipoproteins in. Association of dietary pattern with carotid intima media. For the successful software development and maintenance, measurement is a key technology.
The test generates a cimt measurement and a report identifying your risk profile. What is the standard unit of measure for software development. The aim of the software developer is to develop highquality software within a specified time and budget. The importance of carotid artery stiffness and increased intimamedia thickness in obese children. Use of handheld ultrasound by a nonsonographer clinician to measure carotid intimamedia thickness. Carotid intimamedia thickness cimt measurements have been used in cardiovascular research for more than 2 decades. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between parameters of carotid atherosclerosis and the future occurrence of micro and cardiovascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Thus, these participants were clinically at low risk, although their intimamedia thickness criteria indicated the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Carotid intimamedia thickness cimt measurement has emerged as one of the noninvasive methods of choice for determining preclinical asymptomatic atherosclerotic changes. The measurement of carotid intimamedia thickness cimt has been used as a marker of arterial wall disease. Carotid studio is one of the automatic measurement systems considered by the european network for noninvasive investigation of large arteries. Advances in nonnuclear imaging technologies clinical value of carotid intimamedia thickness testing patrick j.
Cimt testing is a noninvasive ultrasound test that uses digital sophisticated edge detection software. During the second week, novice 2 was unable to achieve the cimt measurement in 3 of 6 50% subjects, novices 3 and 4 in 1 17% subject each. Early detection and intervention of risk factors of cvd are the key points for prevention and delay of cvd development. The techniques for imaging and measuring cimt along with the potential clinical applications of cimt will be discussed here. Comparison between automated and manual measurements of carotid intimamedia thickness in clinical practice. During the fourth week, all novices were able to achieve the cimt measurement 100%. Ekokardiyografi esnasinda tek cimt olcumu koroner arter hastaligi yonunden daha ileri arastirma kararini etkiler mi. Measurements were performed using automated edgetracking software automated cimt calculator, which obviated the need to perform manual measurements. Single cimt measurement is of correspondent to the commonly used risk factors for the prediction of cvd 7. Using the arteriovision software, the physician generates a cimt measurement and a report that identifies the patients risk profile when compared to people of the same gender and age. Moreover, this software allowed the users to spend considerably less time on each measurement 3. Helps in management of the software development process and projects. Ltd, tokyo, japan, was developed to improve the axial resolution of the cimt measurement accuracy and reproducibility using b.
Ultrasound us measurements of carotid intimamedia thickness cimt are used to assess the extent of arteriosclerosis and are a biomarker for the future risk of cardiovascular disease cvd and stroke 16. Carotid intimamedia thickness cimt has been shown to predict cardiovascular cv risk in multiple large studies. Manual measurements have been performed in most epidemiological studies, but, due to the introduction of new technologies, automated software has been increasingly used. But today that isnt sufficientshipping software that works but doesnt create value is not a good measure. The prognostic importance of carotid atherosclerosis in individuals with diabetes is unsettled. See the complete profile on linkedin and discover evas connections and. View eva yuans profile on linkedin, the worlds largest professional community. Cimt measurement is an independent risk factor even in the absence of any other identifiable risk factors.
This disconnect made it difficult to recruit study participants. Use of handheld ultrasound by a nonsonographer clinician. Mti, a palm desert, ca company, has developed a diagnostic system to detect carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease in very early stages, when intima and media thickness is just a bit off baseline. Also, measurement is used by software engineers to gain insight into the design and development of the work products. There is a wealth of evidence showing that cimt can be assessed in a reproducible manner and that increased cimt relates to unfavorable risk factor levels and atherosclerosis elsewhere in the arterial system and to the risk of vascular events. Establishing reference values for macro and microvascular. A carotid intimamedia thickness test cimt, also known as a carotid artery imt ultrasound scan, uses ultrasound to measure the thickness of the intima and media, the two inner layers of the carotid artery. I am a bean counter looking for a way to extract a means to measure the performance of a govt software development project during the implementation, test, and integration phases. The process of software measurement is defined and governed by iso standard iso 15939 software measurement process. A software metric stands for a potential area where measurement can be effectively applied to a certain software module or its specifications. Clinicians who intend to monitor cimt in individual patients should be aware that betweenscan differences due to measurement error may be of greater magnitude than any biological variation. Can single cimt measurement during echocardiography affect. Carotid intimamedial thickness measured on multiple.
For the expert, the feasibility was 83% in the first week and 100% in the fourth week. Under qps guidance, organizations can implement the appropriate processes, collect the right application. Results showed that carotid studio overcomes the limitations of standard image analysis and that it is a suitable device for measuring imt and local arterial stiffness parameters in clinical studies. Ltd, tokyo, japan, was developed to improve the axial resolution of the cimt. Comparison between automated and manual measurements of. Working software is the primary measure of progress. Measurement helps in estimation, quality control, productivity assessment and project control throughout a software project. Carotid intimamedia thickness and the prediction of. Cac and cimt granted a level 2a recommendation indicating these tests as reasonable to perform in the initial assessment of cardiovascular risk in order to refine the risk assessment.
Carotid intima media thickness as a surrogate measure for. Dmitry yakovlev is a software architect for dataart. This lower boundary for cimt measurement actually identifies a relatively high wall thickness in the general population. Can single cimt measurement during echocardiography affect further investigation decision for coronary artery disease. Use of cimt in a clinical setting is limited by the variability in measurement and the lack of evidence for its use in clinical risk prediction. Ultrasonographic parameters of carotid atherosclerosis, intimamedia thickness cimt and plaques. One of the most widely used and best validated atherosclerosis imaging techniques is the ultrasound carotid intimamedia thickness cimt measurement. The recent development of portable digital ultrasound machines and userfriendly measurement software means that cimt is often promoted as a method for assessing cardiovascular risk or the effect of therapeutic interventions in individual patients 11,34. Software measurement is a quantified attribute see also. Measurement of carotid artery imt is reasonable for cardiovascular risk assessment in asymptomatic adults at intermediate risk. Careful evaluation of cimt studies reveals discrepancies in the comprehensiveness with which cimt is assessedthe number of carotid segments evaluated common carotid artery cca, internal carotid artery ica, or the carotid bulb, the type of measurements made. Thicker carotid intimamedia thickness and increased. At uw health in madison, wisconsin, our heart and vascular care preventive cardiologists are national leaders in using carotid intimamedia thickness cimt measurements to predict cardiovascular disease. Top 10 productivity metrics for software development.
What this does is provide a process that aligns the development of competencies knowledge, skills, abilities, attributes and behaviors in civilian volunteers in order for them to. Carotid intimamedia thickness cimt has received interest as a predictor of cardiovascular events in recent years. Making informed management decisions requires the right information, the kind of information that an effective software measurement program delivers. In rare cases where appropriate images of distal cca could not be obtained, proximal or midcca images were used for cimt measurement. Careful evaluation of cimt studies reveals discrepancies in the comprehensiveness with which cimt is assessedthe number of carotid segments evaluated common carotid artery cca, internal carotid artery ica, or the carotid bulb, the type of measurements made mean or. The aims of this study were to compare the performance of our new software with older bitmapbased cimt. Measurements of carotid intima media thickness in non.
Taylor, md carotid intimamedia thickness cimt testing is recognized as a valid method for the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis. An opensource, interactive, validated tool for measuring cimt and cld clinically was thus developed. Carotid intimamedia thickness cimt measured by bmode ultrasonography is a marker of atherosclerosis and is commonly used as an outcome in intervention trials. Recently i read a blog post by mckinsey titled enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of application development. Thicker carotid intimamedia thickness and increased plasma vegf levels suffered by postacute thrombotic stroke patients yuyun yueniwati,1 ni komang darmiastini,1 eko arisetijono2 1radiology department, faculty of medicine, brawijaya university, malang, indonesia. Software measurements quality software measurement. A carotid intimamedia thickness test cimt, also known as a carotid artery imt ultrasound scan, uses. The machine and software concept is optimized for the measurement of complex drive components using a technology that replaces up to six conventional measuring methods. Cimt measurements for vascular age uw health madison, wi. Cimt was measured with an orthogonal incidence of the ultrasonic beam to the axial artery course, on a 10 mm segment of the far wall of cca longitudinal projection avoiding non. Health, general adolescent obesity development and progression physiological aspects risk factors atherosclerosis care and treatment diagnosis blood pressure measurement blood pressure measurement body mass. Association between carotid intimamedia thickness and index of central fat distribution in middleaged and elderly chinese. Prognostic impact of carotid intimamedia thickness and.
In addition, research studies have demonstrated the statistical. Evaluating software development is measuring the invisible. Cimt is an early indicator of cvd being widely adopted. The history of software engineering and software metrics is almost from the same era. Cimt can be used repeatedly with no adverse effects.
663 1271 1447 255 162 1403 615 321 696 122 819 199 1130 1513 661 977 1205 728 1549 995 1546 1590 299 245 619 876 451 33 601 828 1254 312 1331 522 348 956 774 1153